Data extraction is often described as a technical process: selecting fields, validating formats, and producing structured outputs. In practice, the most difficult part of extraction is not accessing data or defining schemas, but normalizing inconsistent records into a coherent dataset. Normalization

Data extraction and data transformation are often discussed together, and in many systems they are implemented close to one another. This proximity makes the boundary between them easy to blur, especially in growing data pipelines. However, extraction and transformation solve different